huangmeng
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asj_pe_project


			
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<a name="objdump"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="ranlib.html#ranlib" accesskey="n" rel="next">ranlib</a>, Previous: <a href="objcopy.html#objcopy" accesskey="p" rel="previous">objcopy</a>, Up: <a href="index.html#Top" accesskey="u" rel="up">Top</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Binutils-Index.html#Binutils-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="objdump-1"></a>
<h2 class="chapter">4 objdump</h2>

<a name="index-object-file-information"></a>
<a name="index-objdump"></a>


<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">objdump [<samp>-a</samp>|<samp>--archive-headers</samp>]
        [<samp>-b</samp> <var>bfdname</var>|<samp>--target=<var>bfdname</var></samp>]
        [<samp>-C</samp>|<samp>--demangle</samp>[=<var>style</var>] ]
        [<samp>-d</samp>|<samp>--disassemble</samp>[=<var>symbol</var>]]
        [<samp>-D</samp>|<samp>--disassemble-all</samp>]
        [<samp>-z</samp>|<samp>--disassemble-zeroes</samp>]
        [<samp>-EB</samp>|<samp>-EL</samp>|<samp>--endian=</samp>{big | little }]
        [<samp>-f</samp>|<samp>--file-headers</samp>]
        [<samp>-F</samp>|<samp>--file-offsets</samp>]
        [<samp>--file-start-context</samp>]
        [<samp>-g</samp>|<samp>--debugging</samp>]
        [<samp>-e</samp>|<samp>--debugging-tags</samp>]
        [<samp>-h</samp>|<samp>--section-headers</samp>|<samp>--headers</samp>]
        [<samp>-i</samp>|<samp>--info</samp>]
        [<samp>-j</samp> <var>section</var>|<samp>--section=</samp><var>section</var>]
        [<samp>-l</samp>|<samp>--line-numbers</samp>]
        [<samp>-S</samp>|<samp>--source</samp>]
        [<samp>--source-comment</samp>[=<var>text</var>]]
        [<samp>-m</samp> <var>machine</var>|<samp>--architecture=</samp><var>machine</var>]
        [<samp>-M</samp> <var>options</var>|<samp>--disassembler-options=</samp><var>options</var>]
        [<samp>-p</samp>|<samp>--private-headers</samp>]
        [<samp>-P</samp> <var>options</var>|<samp>--private=</samp><var>options</var>]
        [<samp>-r</samp>|<samp>--reloc</samp>]
        [<samp>-R</samp>|<samp>--dynamic-reloc</samp>]
        [<samp>-s</samp>|<samp>--full-contents</samp>]
        [<samp>-W[lLiaprmfFsoORtUuTgAckK]</samp>|
         <samp>--dwarf</samp>[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=str-offsets,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]]
        [<samp>--ctf=</samp><var>section</var>]
        [<samp>-G</samp>|<samp>--stabs</samp>]
        [<samp>-t</samp>|<samp>--syms</samp>]
        [<samp>-T</samp>|<samp>--dynamic-syms</samp>]
        [<samp>-x</samp>|<samp>--all-headers</samp>]
        [<samp>-w</samp>|<samp>--wide</samp>]
        [<samp>--start-address=</samp><var>address</var>]
        [<samp>--stop-address=</samp><var>address</var>]
        [<samp>--no-addresses</samp>]
        [<samp>--prefix-addresses</samp>]
        [<samp>--[no-]show-raw-insn</samp>]
        [<samp>--adjust-vma=</samp><var>offset</var>]
        [<samp>--dwarf-depth=<var>n</var></samp>]
        [<samp>--dwarf-start=<var>n</var></samp>]
        [<samp>--ctf-parent=</samp><var>section</var>]
        [<samp>--no-recurse-limit</samp>|<samp>--recurse-limit</samp>]
        [<samp>--special-syms</samp>]
        [<samp>--prefix=</samp><var>prefix</var>]
        [<samp>--prefix-strip=</samp><var>level</var>]
        [<samp>--insn-width=</samp><var>width</var>]
        [<samp>--visualize-jumps[=color|=extended-color|=off]</samp>
        [<samp>-V</samp>|<samp>--version</samp>]
        [<samp>-H</samp>|<samp>--help</samp>]
        <var>objfile</var>&hellip;
</pre></div>


<p><code>objdump</code> displays information about one or more object files.
The options control what particular information to display.  This
information is mostly useful to programmers who are working on the
compilation tools, as opposed to programmers who just want their
program to compile and work.
</p>
<p><var>objfile</var>&hellip; are the object files to be examined.  When you
specify archives, <code>objdump</code> shows information on each of the member
object files.
</p>


<p>The long and short forms of options, shown here as alternatives, are
equivalent.  At least one option from the list
<samp>-a,-d,-D,-e,-f,-g,-G,-h,-H,-p,-P,-r,-R,-s,-S,-t,-T,-V,-x</samp> must be given.
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>-a</code></dt>
<dt><code>--archive-header</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-archive-headers"></a>
<p>If any of the <var>objfile</var> files are archives, display the archive
header information (in a format similar to &lsquo;<samp>ls -l</samp>&rsquo;).  Besides the
information you could list with &lsquo;<samp>ar tv</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>objdump -a</samp>&rsquo; shows
the object file format of each archive member.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--adjust-vma=<var>offset</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-section-addresses-in-objdump"></a>
<a name="index-VMA-in-objdump"></a>
<p>When dumping information, first add <var>offset</var> to all the section
addresses.  This is useful if the section addresses do not correspond to
the symbol table, which can happen when putting sections at particular
addresses when using a format which can not represent section addresses,
such as a.out.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-b <var>bfdname</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>--target=<var>bfdname</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-object-code-format-1"></a>
<p>Specify that the object-code format for the object files is
<var>bfdname</var>.  This option may not be necessary; <var>objdump</var> can
automatically recognize many formats.
</p>
<p>For example,
</p><div class="example">
<pre class="example">objdump -b oasys -m vax -h fu.o
</pre></div>
<p>displays summary information from the section headers (<samp>-h</samp>) of
<samp>fu.o</samp>, which is explicitly identified (<samp>-m</samp>) as a VAX object
file in the format produced by Oasys compilers.  You can list the
formats available with the <samp>-i</samp> option.
See <a href="Target-Selection.html#Target-Selection">Target Selection</a>, for more information.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-C</code></dt>
<dt><code>--demangle[=<var>style</var>]</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-demangling-in-objdump"></a>
<p>Decode (<em>demangle</em>) low-level symbol names into user-level names.
Besides removing any initial underscore prepended by the system, this
makes C++ function names readable.  Different compilers have different
mangling styles. The optional demangling style argument can be used to
choose an appropriate demangling style for your compiler. See <a href="c_002b_002bfilt.html#c_002b_002bfilt">c++filt</a>,
for more information on demangling.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--recurse-limit</code></dt>
<dt><code>--no-recurse-limit</code></dt>
<dt><code>--recursion-limit</code></dt>
<dt><code>--no-recursion-limit</code></dt>
<dd><p>Enables or disables a limit on the amount of recursion performed
whilst demangling strings.  Since the name mangling formats allow for
an inifinite level of recursion it is possible to create strings whose
decoding will exhaust the amount of stack space available on the host
machine, triggering a memory fault.  The limit tries to prevent this
from happening by restricting recursion to 2048 levels of nesting.
</p>
<p>The default is for this limit to be enabled, but disabling it may be
necessary in order to demangle truly complicated names.  Note however
that if the recursion limit is disabled then stack exhaustion is
possible and any bug reports about such an event will be rejected.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-g</code></dt>
<dt><code>--debugging</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display debugging information.  This attempts to parse STABS
debugging format information stored in the file and print it out using
a C like syntax.  If no STABS debugging was found this option
falls back on the <samp>-W</samp> option to print any DWARF information in
the file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-e</code></dt>
<dt><code>--debugging-tags</code></dt>
<dd><p>Like <samp>-g</samp>, but the information is generated in a format compatible
with ctags tool.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-d</code></dt>
<dt><code>--disassemble</code></dt>
<dt><code>--disassemble=<var>symbol</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-disassembling-object-code"></a>
<a name="index-machine-instructions"></a>
<p>Display the assembler mnemonics for the machine instructions from the
input file.  This option only disassembles those sections which are 
expected to contain instructions.  If the optional <var>symbol</var>
argument is given, then display the assembler mnemonics starting at
<var>symbol</var>.  If <var>symbol</var> is a function name then disassembly
will stop at the end of the function, otherwise it will stop when the
next symbol is encountered.  If there are no matches for <var>symbol</var>
then nothing will be displayed.
</p>
<p>Note if the <samp>--dwarf=follow-links</samp> option has also been enabled
then any symbol tables in linked debug info files will be read in and
used when disassembling.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-D</code></dt>
<dt><code>--disassemble-all</code></dt>
<dd><p>Like <samp>-d</samp>, but disassemble the contents of all sections, not just
those expected to contain instructions.
</p>
<p>This option also has a subtle effect on the disassembly of
instructions in code sections.  When option <samp>-d</samp> is in effect
objdump will assume that any symbols present in a code section occur
on the boundary between instructions and it will refuse to disassemble
across such a boundary.  When option <samp>-D</samp> is in effect however
this assumption is supressed.  This means that it is possible for the
output of <samp>-d</samp> and <samp>-D</samp> to differ if, for example, data
is stored in code sections.
</p>
<p>If the target is an ARM architecture this switch also has the effect
of forcing the disassembler to decode pieces of data found in code
sections as if they were instructions.
</p>
<p>Note if the <samp>--dwarf=follow-links</samp> option has also been enabled
then any symbol tables in linked debug info files will be read in and
used when disassembling.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--no-addresses</code></dt>
<dd><p>When disassembling, don&rsquo;t print addresses on each line or for symbols
and relocation offsets.  In combination with <samp>--no-show-raw-insn</samp>
this may be useful for comparing compiler output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--prefix-addresses</code></dt>
<dd><p>When disassembling, print the complete address on each line.  This is
the older disassembly format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-EB</code></dt>
<dt><code>-EL</code></dt>
<dt><code>--endian={big|little}</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-endianness"></a>
<a name="index-disassembly-endianness"></a>
<p>Specify the endianness of the object files.  This only affects
disassembly.  This can be useful when disassembling a file format which
does not describe endianness information, such as S-records.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-f</code></dt>
<dt><code>--file-headers</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-object-file-header"></a>
<p>Display summary information from the overall header of
each of the <var>objfile</var> files.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-F</code></dt>
<dt><code>--file-offsets</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-object-file-offsets"></a>
<p>When disassembling sections, whenever a symbol is displayed, also
display the file offset of the region of data that is about to be
dumped.  If zeroes are being skipped, then when disassembly resumes,
tell the user how many zeroes were skipped and the file offset of the
location from where the disassembly resumes.  When dumping sections,
display the file offset of the location from where the dump starts.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--file-start-context</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-source-code-context"></a>
<p>Specify that when displaying interlisted source code/disassembly
(assumes <samp>-S</samp>) from a file that has not yet been displayed, extend the
context to the start of the file.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-h</code></dt>
<dt><code>--section-headers</code></dt>
<dt><code>--headers</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-section-headers"></a>
<p>Display summary information from the section headers of the
object file.
</p>
<p>File segments may be relocated to nonstandard addresses, for example by
using the <samp>-Ttext</samp>, <samp>-Tdata</samp>, or <samp>-Tbss</samp> options to
<code>ld</code>.  However, some object file formats, such as a.out, do not
store the starting address of the file segments.  In those situations,
although <code>ld</code> relocates the sections correctly, using &lsquo;<samp>objdump
-h</samp>&rsquo; to list the file section headers cannot show the correct addresses.
Instead, it shows the usual addresses, which are implicit for the
target.
</p>
<p>Note, in some cases it is possible for a section to have both the
READONLY and the NOREAD attributes set.  In such cases the NOREAD
attribute takes precedence, but <code>objdump</code> will report both
since the exact setting of the flag bits might be important.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-H</code></dt>
<dt><code>--help</code></dt>
<dd><p>Print a summary of the options to <code>objdump</code> and exit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-i</code></dt>
<dt><code>--info</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-architectures-available"></a>
<a name="index-object-formats-available"></a>
<p>Display a list showing all architectures and object formats available
for specification with <samp>-b</samp> or <samp>-m</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-j <var>name</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>--section=<var>name</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-section-information"></a>
<p>Display information only for section <var>name</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-l</code></dt>
<dt><code>--line-numbers</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-source-filenames-for-object-files"></a>
<p>Label the display (using debugging information) with the filename and
source line numbers corresponding to the object code or relocs shown.
Only useful with <samp>-d</samp>, <samp>-D</samp>, or <samp>-r</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-m <var>machine</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>--architecture=<var>machine</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-architecture"></a>
<a name="index-disassembly-architecture"></a>
<p>Specify the architecture to use when disassembling object files.  This
can be useful when disassembling object files which do not describe
architecture information, such as S-records.  You can list the available
architectures with the <samp>-i</samp> option.
</p>
<p>If the target is an ARM architecture then this switch has an
additional effect.  It restricts the disassembly to only those
instructions supported by the architecture specified by <var>machine</var>.
If it is necessary to use this switch because the input file does not
contain any architecture information, but it is also desired to
disassemble all the instructions use <samp>-marm</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-M <var>options</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>--disassembler-options=<var>options</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Pass target specific information to the disassembler.  Only supported on
some targets.  If it is necessary to specify more than one
disassembler option then multiple <samp>-M</samp> options can be used or
can be placed together into a comma separated list.
</p>
<p>For ARC, <samp>dsp</samp> controls the printing of DSP instructions,
<samp>spfp</samp> selects the printing of FPX single precision FP
instructions, <samp>dpfp</samp> selects the printing of FPX double
precision FP instructions, <samp>quarkse_em</samp> selects the printing of
special QuarkSE-EM instructions, <samp>fpuda</samp> selects the printing
of double precision assist instructions, <samp>fpus</samp> selects the
printing of FPU single precision FP instructions, while <samp>fpud</samp>
selects the printing of FPU double precision FP instructions.
Additionally, one can choose to have all the immediates printed in
hexadecimal using <samp>hex</samp>.  By default, the short immediates are
printed using the decimal representation, while the long immediate
values are printed as hexadecimal.
</p>
<p><samp>cpu=...</samp> allows to enforce a particular ISA when disassembling
instructions, overriding the <samp>-m</samp> value or whatever is in the ELF file.
This might be useful to select ARC EM or HS ISA, because architecture is same
for those and disassembler relies on private ELF header data to decide if code
is for EM or HS.  This option might be specified multiple times - only the
latest value will be used.  Valid values are same as for the assembler
<samp>-mcpu=...</samp> option.
</p>
<p>If the target is an ARM architecture then this switch can be used to
select which register name set is used during disassembler.  Specifying
<samp>-M reg-names-std</samp> (the default) will select the register names as
used in ARM&rsquo;s instruction set documentation, but with register 13 called
&rsquo;sp&rsquo;, register 14 called &rsquo;lr&rsquo; and register 15 called &rsquo;pc&rsquo;.  Specifying
<samp>-M reg-names-apcs</samp> will select the name set used by the ARM
Procedure Call Standard, whilst specifying <samp>-M reg-names-raw</samp> will
just use &lsquo;<samp>r</samp>&rsquo; followed by the register number.
</p>
<p>There are also two variants on the APCS register naming scheme enabled
by <samp>-M reg-names-atpcs</samp> and <samp>-M reg-names-special-atpcs</samp> which
use the ARM/Thumb Procedure Call Standard naming conventions.  (Either
with the normal register names or the special register names).
</p>
<p>This option can also be used for ARM architectures to force the
disassembler to interpret all instructions as Thumb instructions by
using the switch <samp>--disassembler-options=force-thumb</samp>.  This can be
useful when attempting to disassemble thumb code produced by other
compilers.
</p>
<p>For AArch64 targets this switch can be used to set whether instructions are
disassembled as the most general instruction using the <samp>-M no-aliases</samp>
option or whether instruction notes should be generated as comments in the
disasssembly using <samp>-M notes</samp>.
</p>
<p>For the x86, some of the options duplicate functions of the <samp>-m</samp>
switch, but allow finer grained control.
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>x86-64</code></dt>
<dt><code>i386</code></dt>
<dt><code>i8086</code></dt>
<dd><p>Select disassembly for the given architecture.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>intel</code></dt>
<dt><code>att</code></dt>
<dd><p>Select between intel syntax mode and AT&amp;T syntax mode.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>amd64</code></dt>
<dt><code>intel64</code></dt>
<dd><p>Select between AMD64 ISA and Intel64 ISA.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>intel-mnemonic</code></dt>
<dt><code>att-mnemonic</code></dt>
<dd><p>Select between intel mnemonic mode and AT&amp;T mnemonic mode.
Note: <code>intel-mnemonic</code> implies <code>intel</code> and
<code>att-mnemonic</code> implies <code>att</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>addr64</code></dt>
<dt><code>addr32</code></dt>
<dt><code>addr16</code></dt>
<dt><code>data32</code></dt>
<dt><code>data16</code></dt>
<dd><p>Specify the default address size and operand size.  These five options
will be overridden if <code>x86-64</code>, <code>i386</code> or <code>i8086</code>
appear later in the option string.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>suffix</code></dt>
<dd><p>When in AT&amp;T mode and also for a limited set of instructions when in Intel
mode, instructs the disassembler to print a mnemonic suffix even when the
suffix could be inferred by the operands or, for certain instructions, the
execution mode&rsquo;s defaults.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>For PowerPC, the <samp>-M</samp> argument <samp>raw</samp> selects
disasssembly of hardware insns rather than aliases.  For example, you
will see <code>rlwinm</code> rather than <code>clrlwi</code>, and <code>addi</code>
rather than <code>li</code>.  All of the <samp>-m</samp> arguments for
<code>gas</code> that select a CPU are supported.  These are:
<samp>403</samp>, <samp>405</samp>, <samp>440</samp>, <samp>464</samp>, <samp>476</samp>,
<samp>601</samp>, <samp>603</samp>, <samp>604</samp>, <samp>620</samp>, <samp>7400</samp>,
<samp>7410</samp>, <samp>7450</samp>, <samp>7455</samp>, <samp>750cl</samp>,
<samp>821</samp>, <samp>850</samp>, <samp>860</samp>, <samp>a2</samp>, <samp>booke</samp>,
<samp>booke32</samp>, <samp>cell</samp>, <samp>com</samp>, <samp>e200z4</samp>,
<samp>e300</samp>, <samp>e500</samp>, <samp>e500mc</samp>, <samp>e500mc64</samp>,
<samp>e500x2</samp>, <samp>e5500</samp>, <samp>e6500</samp>, <samp>efs</samp>,
<samp>power4</samp>, <samp>power5</samp>, <samp>power6</samp>, <samp>power7</samp>,
<samp>power8</samp>, <samp>power9</samp>, <samp>power10</samp>, <samp>ppc</samp>,
<samp>ppc32</samp>, <samp>ppc64</samp>, <samp>ppc64bridge</samp>, <samp>ppcps</samp>,
<samp>pwr</samp>, <samp>pwr2</samp>, <samp>pwr4</samp>, <samp>pwr5</samp>, <samp>pwr5x</samp>,
<samp>pwr6</samp>, <samp>pwr7</samp>, <samp>pwr8</samp>, <samp>pwr9</samp>, <samp>pwr10</samp>,
<samp>pwrx</samp>, <samp>titan</samp>, and <samp>vle</samp>.
<samp>32</samp> and <samp>64</samp> modify the default or a prior CPU
selection, disabling and enabling 64-bit insns respectively.  In
addition, <samp>altivec</samp>, <samp>any</samp>, <samp>htm</samp>, <samp>vsx</samp>,
and <samp>spe</samp> add capabilities to a previous <em>or later</em> CPU
selection.  <samp>any</samp> will disassemble any opcode known to
binutils, but in cases where an opcode has two different meanings or
different arguments, you may not see the disassembly you expect.
If you disassemble without giving a CPU selection, a default will be
chosen from information gleaned by BFD from the object files headers,
but the result again may not be as you expect.
</p>
<p>For MIPS, this option controls the printing of instruction mnemonic
names and register names in disassembled instructions.  Multiple
selections from the following may be specified as a comma separated
string, and invalid options are ignored:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>no-aliases</code></dt>
<dd><p>Print the &rsquo;raw&rsquo; instruction mnemonic instead of some pseudo
instruction mnemonic.  I.e., print &rsquo;daddu&rsquo; or &rsquo;or&rsquo; instead of &rsquo;move&rsquo;,
&rsquo;sll&rsquo; instead of &rsquo;nop&rsquo;, etc.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>msa</code></dt>
<dd><p>Disassemble MSA instructions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>virt</code></dt>
<dd><p>Disassemble the virtualization ASE instructions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>xpa</code></dt>
<dd><p>Disassemble the eXtended Physical Address (XPA) ASE instructions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>gpr-names=<var>ABI</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Print GPR (general-purpose register) names as appropriate
for the specified ABI.  By default, GPR names are selected according to
the ABI of the binary being disassembled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>fpr-names=<var>ABI</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Print FPR (floating-point register) names as
appropriate for the specified ABI.  By default, FPR numbers are printed
rather than names.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>cp0-names=<var>ARCH</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Print CP0 (system control coprocessor; coprocessor 0) register names
as appropriate for the CPU or architecture specified by
<var>ARCH</var>.  By default, CP0 register names are selected according to
the architecture and CPU of the binary being disassembled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>hwr-names=<var>ARCH</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Print HWR (hardware register, used by the <code>rdhwr</code> instruction) names
as appropriate for the CPU or architecture specified by
<var>ARCH</var>.  By default, HWR names are selected according to
the architecture and CPU of the binary being disassembled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>reg-names=<var>ABI</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Print GPR and FPR names as appropriate for the selected ABI.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>reg-names=<var>ARCH</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Print CPU-specific register names (CP0 register and HWR names)
as appropriate for the selected CPU or architecture.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>For any of the options listed above, <var>ABI</var> or
<var>ARCH</var> may be specified as &lsquo;<samp>numeric</samp>&rsquo; to have numbers printed
rather than names, for the selected types of registers.
You can list the available values of <var>ABI</var> and <var>ARCH</var> using
the <samp>--help</samp> option.
</p>
<p>For VAX, you can specify function entry addresses with <samp>-M
entry:0xf00ba</samp>.  You can use this multiple times to properly
disassemble VAX binary files that don&rsquo;t contain symbol tables (like
ROM dumps).  In these cases, the function entry mask would otherwise
be decoded as VAX instructions, which would probably lead the rest
of the function being wrongly disassembled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-p</code></dt>
<dt><code>--private-headers</code></dt>
<dd><p>Print information that is specific to the object file format.  The exact
information printed depends upon the object file format.  For some
object file formats, no additional information is printed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-P <var>options</var></code></dt>
<dt><code>--private=<var>options</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Print information that is specific to the object file format.  The
argument <var>options</var> is a comma separated list that depends on the
format (the lists of options is displayed with the help).
</p>
<p>For XCOFF, the available options are:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>header</code></dt>
<dt><code>aout</code></dt>
<dt><code>sections</code></dt>
<dt><code>syms</code></dt>
<dt><code>relocs</code></dt>
<dt><code>lineno,</code></dt>
<dt><code>loader</code></dt>
<dt><code>except</code></dt>
<dt><code>typchk</code></dt>
<dt><code>traceback</code></dt>
<dt><code>toc</code></dt>
<dt><code>ldinfo</code></dt>
</dl>

<p>Not all object formats support this option.  In particular the ELF
format does not use it.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-r</code></dt>
<dt><code>--reloc</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-relocation-entries_002c-in-object-file"></a>
<p>Print the relocation entries of the file.  If used with <samp>-d</samp> or
<samp>-D</samp>, the relocations are printed interspersed with the
disassembly.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-R</code></dt>
<dt><code>--dynamic-reloc</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-dynamic-relocation-entries_002c-in-object-file"></a>
<p>Print the dynamic relocation entries of the file.  This is only
meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
libraries.  As for <samp>-r</samp>, if used with <samp>-d</samp> or
<samp>-D</samp>, the relocations are printed interspersed with the
disassembly.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-s</code></dt>
<dt><code>--full-contents</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-sections_002c-full-contents"></a>
<a name="index-object-file-sections"></a>
<p>Display the full contents of any sections requested.  By default all
non-empty sections are displayed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-S</code></dt>
<dt><code>--source</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-source-disassembly"></a>
<a name="index-disassembly_002c-with-source"></a>
<p>Display source code intermixed with disassembly, if possible.  Implies
<samp>-d</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--source-comment[=<var>txt</var>]</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-source-disassembly-1"></a>
<a name="index-disassembly_002c-with-source-1"></a>
<p>Like the <samp>-S</samp> option, but all source code lines are displayed
with a prefix of <var>txt</var>.  Typically <var>txt</var> will be a comment
string which can be used to distinguish the assembler code from the
source code.  If <var>txt</var> is not provided then a default string of
<var>&ldquo;# &ldquo;</var> (hash followed by a space), will be used.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--prefix=<var>prefix</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Add-prefix-to-absolute-paths"></a>
<p>Specify <var>prefix</var> to add to the absolute paths when used with
<samp>-S</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--prefix-strip=<var>level</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Strip-absolute-paths"></a>
<p>Indicate how many initial directory names to strip off the hardwired
absolute paths. It has no effect without <samp>--prefix=</samp><var>prefix</var>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--show-raw-insn</code></dt>
<dd><p>When disassembling instructions, print the instruction in hex as well as
in symbolic form.  This is the default except when
<samp>--prefix-addresses</samp> is used.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--no-show-raw-insn</code></dt>
<dd><p>When disassembling instructions, do not print the instruction bytes.
This is the default when <samp>--prefix-addresses</samp> is used.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--insn-width=<var>width</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-Instruction-width"></a>
<p>Display <var>width</var> bytes on a single line when disassembling
instructions.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--visualize-jumps[=color|=extended-color|=off]</code></dt>
<dd><p>Visualize jumps that stay inside a function by drawing ASCII art between
the start and target addresses.  The optional <samp>=color</samp> argument
adds color to the output using simple terminal colors.  Alternatively
the <samp>=extended-color</samp> argument will add color using 8bit
colors, but these might not work on all terminals.
</p>
<p>If it is necessary to disable the <samp>visualize-jumps</samp> option
after it has previously been enabled then use
<samp>visualize-jumps=off</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-W[lLiaprmfFsoORtUuTgAckK]</code></dt>
<dt><code>--dwarf[=rawline,=decodedline,=info,=abbrev,=pubnames,=aranges,=macro,=frames,=frames-interp,=str,=str-offsets,=loc,=Ranges,=pubtypes,=trace_info,=trace_abbrev,=trace_aranges,=gdb_index,=addr,=cu_index,=links,=follow-links]</code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Displays the contents of the DWARF debug sections in the file, if any
are present.  Compressed debug sections are automatically decompressed
(temporarily) before they are displayed.  If one or more of the
optional letters or words follows the switch then only those type(s)
of data will be dumped.  The letters and words refer to the following
information:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>a</code></dt>
<dt><code>=abbrev</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_abbrev</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>A</code></dt>
<dt><code>=addr</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_addr</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>c</code></dt>
<dt><code>=cu_index</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_cu_index</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_tu_index</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>f</code></dt>
<dt><code>=frames</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display the raw contents of a &lsquo;<samp>.debug_frame</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>F</code></dt>
<dt><code>=frame-interp</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display the interpreted contents of a &lsquo;<samp>.debug_frame</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>g</code></dt>
<dt><code>=gdb_index</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.gdb_index</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_names</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>i</code></dt>
<dt><code>=info</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_info</samp>&rsquo; section.  Note: the
output from this option can also be restricted by the use of the 
<samp>--dwarf-depth</samp> and <samp>--dwarf-start</samp> options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>k</code></dt>
<dt><code>=links</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.gnu_debuglink</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.gnu_debugaltlink</samp>&rsquo; sections.  Also displays any links to
separate dwarf object files (dwo), if they are specified by the 
DW_AT_GNU_dwo_name or DW_AT_dwo_name attributes in the
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_info</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>K</code></dt>
<dt><code>=follow-links</code></dt>
<dd><p>Display the contents of any selected debug sections that are found in
linked, separate debug info file(s).  This can result in multiple
versions of the same debug section being displayed if it exists in
more than one file.
</p>
<p>In addition, when displaying DWARF attributes, if a form is found that
references the separate debug info file, then the referenced contents
will also be displayed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>l</code></dt>
<dt><code>=rawline</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_line</samp>&rsquo; section in a raw
format.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>L</code></dt>
<dt><code>=decodedline</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the interpreted contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_line</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>m</code></dt>
<dt><code>=macro</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_macro</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_macinfo</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>o</code></dt>
<dt><code>=loc</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_loc</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_loclists</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>O</code></dt>
<dt><code>=str-offsets</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_str_offsets</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>p</code></dt>
<dt><code>=pubnames</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_pubnames</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_gnu_pubnames</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>r</code></dt>
<dt><code>=aranges</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_aranges</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>R</code></dt>
<dt><code>=Ranges</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_ranges</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_rnglists</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>s</code></dt>
<dt><code>=str</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_str</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>.debug_line_str</samp>&rsquo;
and/or &lsquo;<samp>.debug_str_offsets</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>t</code></dt>
<dt><code>=pubtype</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.debug_pubtypes</samp>&rsquo; and/or
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_gnu_pubtypes</samp>&rsquo; sections.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>T</code></dt>
<dt><code>=trace_aranges</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.trace_aranges</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>u</code></dt>
<dt><code>=trace_abbrev</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.trace_abbrev</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>U</code></dt>
<dt><code>=trace_info</code></dt>
<dd><p>Displays the contents of the &lsquo;<samp>.trace_info</samp>&rsquo; section.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>Note: displaying the contents of &lsquo;<samp>.debug_static_funcs</samp>&rsquo;,
&lsquo;<samp>.debug_static_vars</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>debug_weaknames</samp>&rsquo; sections is not
currently supported.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--dwarf-depth=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Limit the dump of the <code>.debug_info</code> section to <var>n</var> children.
This is only useful with <samp>--debug-dump=info</samp>.  The default is
to print all DIEs; the special value 0 for <var>n</var> will also have this
effect.
</p>
<p>With a non-zero value for <var>n</var>, DIEs at or deeper than <var>n</var>
levels will not be printed.  The range for <var>n</var> is zero-based.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--dwarf-start=<var>n</var></code></dt>
<dd><p>Print only DIEs beginning with the DIE numbered <var>n</var>.  This is only
useful with <samp>--debug-dump=info</samp>.
</p>
<p>If specified, this option will suppress printing of any header
information and all DIEs before the DIE numbered <var>n</var>.  Only
siblings and children of the specified DIE will be printed.
</p>
<p>This can be used in conjunction with <samp>--dwarf-depth</samp>.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><code>--dwarf-check</code></dt>
<dd><p>Enable additional checks for consistency of Dwarf information.
</p>

</dd>
<dt><code>--ctf=<var>section</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-CTF"></a>
<a name="index-Compact-Type-Format"></a>

<p>Display the contents of the specified CTF section.  CTF sections themselves
contain many subsections, all of which are displayed in order.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--ctf-parent=<var>section</var></code></dt>
<dd>
<p>Specify the name of another section from which the CTF dictionary can inherit
types.  (If none is specified, we assume the CTF dictionary inherits types
from the default-named member of the archive contained within this section.)
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-G</code></dt>
<dt><code>--stabs</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-stab"></a>
<a name="index-_002estab"></a>
<a name="index-debug-symbols"></a>
<a name="index-ELF-object-file-format"></a>
<p>Display the full contents of any sections requested.  Display the
contents of the .stab and .stab.index and .stab.excl sections from an
ELF file.  This is only useful on systems (such as Solaris 2.0) in which
<code>.stab</code> debugging symbol-table entries are carried in an ELF
section.  In most other file formats, debugging symbol-table entries are
interleaved with linkage symbols, and are visible in the <samp>--syms</samp>
output.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--start-address=<var>address</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-start_002daddress"></a>
<p>Start displaying data at the specified address.  This affects the output
of the <samp>-d</samp>, <samp>-r</samp> and <samp>-s</samp> options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--stop-address=<var>address</var></code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-stop_002daddress"></a>
<p>Stop displaying data at the specified address.  This affects the output
of the <samp>-d</samp>, <samp>-r</samp> and <samp>-s</samp> options.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-t</code></dt>
<dt><code>--syms</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-symbol-table-entries_002c-printing"></a>
<p>Print the symbol table entries of the file.
This is similar to the information provided by the &lsquo;<samp>nm</samp>&rsquo; program,
although the display format is different.  The format of the output
depends upon the format of the file being dumped, but there are two main
types.  One looks like this:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">[  4](sec  3)(fl 0x00)(ty   0)(scl   3) (nx 1) 0x00000000 .bss
[  6](sec  1)(fl 0x00)(ty   0)(scl   2) (nx 0) 0x00000000 fred
</pre></div>

<p>where the number inside the square brackets is the number of the entry
in the symbol table, the <var>sec</var> number is the section number, the
<var>fl</var> value are the symbol&rsquo;s flag bits, the <var>ty</var> number is the
symbol&rsquo;s type, the <var>scl</var> number is the symbol&rsquo;s storage class and
the <var>nx</var> value is the number of auxilary entries associated with
the symbol.  The last two fields are the symbol&rsquo;s value and its name.
</p>
<p>The other common output format, usually seen with ELF based files,
looks like this:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">00000000 l    d  .bss   00000000 .bss
00000000 g       .text  00000000 fred
</pre></div>

<p>Here the first number is the symbol&rsquo;s value (sometimes refered to as
its address).  The next field is actually a set of characters and
spaces indicating the flag bits that are set on the symbol.  These
characters are described below.  Next is the section with which the
symbol is associated or <em>*ABS*</em> if the section is absolute (ie
not connected with any section), or <em>*UND*</em> if the section is
referenced in the file being dumped, but not defined there.
</p>
<p>After the section name comes another field, a number, which for common
symbols is the alignment and for other symbol is the size.  Finally
the symbol&rsquo;s name is displayed.
</p>
<p>The flag characters are divided into 7 groups as follows:
</p><dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>l</code></dt>
<dt><code>g</code></dt>
<dt><code>u</code></dt>
<dt><code>!</code></dt>
<dd><p>The symbol is a local (l), global (g), unique global (u), neither
global nor local (a space) or both global and local (!).  A
symbol can be neither local or global for a variety of reasons, e.g.,
because it is used for debugging, but it is probably an indication of
a bug if it is ever both local and global.  Unique global symbols are
a GNU extension to the standard set of ELF symbol bindings.  For such
a symbol the dynamic linker will make sure that in the entire process
there is just one symbol with this name and type in use.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>w</code></dt>
<dd><p>The symbol is weak (w) or strong (a space).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>C</code></dt>
<dd><p>The symbol denotes a constructor (C) or an ordinary symbol (a space).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>W</code></dt>
<dd><p>The symbol is a warning (W) or a normal symbol (a space).  A warning
symbol&rsquo;s name is a message to be displayed if the symbol following the
warning symbol is ever referenced.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>I</code></dt>
<dt><code>i</code></dt>
<dd><p>The symbol is an indirect reference to another symbol (I), a function
to be evaluated during reloc processing (i) or a normal symbol (a
space).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>d</code></dt>
<dt><code>D</code></dt>
<dd><p>The symbol is a debugging symbol (d) or a dynamic symbol (D) or a
normal symbol (a space).
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>F</code></dt>
<dt><code>f</code></dt>
<dt><code>O</code></dt>
<dd><p>The symbol is the name of a function (F) or a file (f) or an object
(O) or just a normal symbol (a space).
</p></dd>
</dl>

</dd>
<dt><code>-T</code></dt>
<dt><code>--dynamic-syms</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-dynamic-symbol-table-entries_002c-printing"></a>
<p>Print the dynamic symbol table entries of the file.  This is only
meaningful for dynamic objects, such as certain types of shared
libraries.  This is similar to the information provided by the &lsquo;<samp>nm</samp>&rsquo;
program when given the <samp>-D</samp> (<samp>--dynamic</samp>) option.
</p>
<p>The output format is similar to that produced by the <samp>--syms</samp>
option, except that an extra field is inserted before the symbol&rsquo;s
name, giving the version information associated with the symbol.
If the version is the default version to be used when resolving
unversioned references to the symbol then it&rsquo;s displayed as is,
otherwise it&rsquo;s put into parentheses.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>--special-syms</code></dt>
<dd><p>When displaying symbols include those which the target considers to be
special in some way and which would not normally be of interest to the
user.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-V</code></dt>
<dt><code>--version</code></dt>
<dd><p>Print the version number of <code>objdump</code> and exit.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-x</code></dt>
<dt><code>--all-headers</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-all-header-information_002c-object-file"></a>
<a name="index-header-information_002c-all"></a>
<p>Display all available header information, including the symbol table and
relocation entries.  Using <samp>-x</samp> is equivalent to specifying all of
<samp>-a -f -h -p -r -t</samp>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-w</code></dt>
<dt><code>--wide</code></dt>
<dd><a name="index-wide-output_002c-printing"></a>
<p>Format some lines for output devices that have more than 80 columns.
Also do not truncate symbol names when they are displayed.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>-z</code></dt>
<dt><code>--disassemble-zeroes</code></dt>
<dd><p>Normally the disassembly output will skip blocks of zeroes.  This
option directs the disassembler to disassemble those blocks, just like
any other data.
</p></dd>
</dl>


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