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<a name="GDB_002fMI-Data-Manipulation"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">GDB/MI Tracepoint Commands</a>, Previous: <a href="GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects.html#GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects" accesskey="p" rel="previous">GDB/MI Variable Objects</a>, Up: <a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI" accesskey="u" rel="up">GDB/MI</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="GDB_002fMI-Data-Manipulation-1"></a>
<h3 class="section">27.16 <small>GDB/MI</small> Data Manipulation</h3>

<a name="index-data-manipulation_002c-in-GDB_002fMI"></a>
<a name="index-GDB_002fMI_002c-data-manipulation"></a>
<p>This section describes the <small>GDB/MI</small> commands that manipulate data:
examine memory and registers, evaluate expressions, etc.
</p>
<p>For details about what an addressable memory unit is,
see <a href="Memory.html#addressable-memory-unit">addressable memory unit</a>.
</p>

<a name="The-_002ddata_002ddisassemble-Command"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-disassemble</code> Command</h4>
<a name="index-_002ddata_002ddisassemble"></a>

<a name="Synopsis-64"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> -data-disassemble
    [ -s <var>start-addr</var> -e <var>end-addr</var> ]
  | [ -a <var>addr</var> ]
  | [ -f <var>filename</var> -l <var>linenum</var> [ -n <var>lines</var> ] ]
  -- <var>mode</var>
</pre></div>

<p>Where:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>start-addr</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>is the beginning address (or <code>$pc</code>)
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>end-addr</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>is the end address
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>addr</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>is an address anywhere within (or the name of) the function to
disassemble.  If an address is specified, the whole function
surrounding that address will be disassembled.  If a name is
specified, the whole function with that name will be disassembled.
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>filename</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>is the name of the file to disassemble
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>linenum</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>is the line number to disassemble around
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>lines</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>is the number of disassembly lines to be produced.  If it is -1,
the whole function will be disassembled, in case no <var>end-addr</var> is
specified.  If <var>end-addr</var> is specified as a non-zero value, and
<var>lines</var> is lower than the number of disassembly lines between
<var>start-addr</var> and <var>end-addr</var>, only <var>lines</var> lines are
displayed; if <var>lines</var> is higher than the number of lines between
<var>start-addr</var> and <var>end-addr</var>, only the lines up to <var>end-addr</var>
are displayed.
</p></dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>mode</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>is one of:
</p><ul>
<li> 0 disassembly only
</li><li> 1 mixed source and disassembly (deprecated)
</li><li> 2 disassembly with raw opcodes
</li><li> 3 mixed source and disassembly with raw opcodes (deprecated)
</li><li> 4 mixed source and disassembly
</li><li> 5 mixed source and disassembly with raw opcodes
</li></ul>

<p>Modes 1 and 3 are deprecated.  The output is &ldquo;source centric&rdquo;
which hasn&rsquo;t proved useful in practice.
See <a href="Machine-Code.html#Machine-Code">Machine Code</a>, for a discussion of the difference between
<code>/m</code> and <code>/s</code> output of the <code>disassemble</code> command.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<a name="Result-6"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Result</h4>

<p>The result of the <code>-data-disassemble</code> command will be a list named
&lsquo;<samp>asm_insns</samp>&rsquo;, the contents of this list depend on the <var>mode</var>
used with the <code>-data-disassemble</code> command.
</p>
<p>For modes 0 and 2 the &lsquo;<samp>asm_insns</samp>&rsquo; list contains tuples with the
following fields:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>address</code></dt>
<dd><p>The address at which this instruction was disassembled.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>func-name</code></dt>
<dd><p>The name of the function this instruction is within.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>offset</code></dt>
<dd><p>The decimal offset in bytes from the start of &lsquo;<samp>func-name</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>inst</code></dt>
<dd><p>The text disassembly for this &lsquo;<samp>address</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>opcodes</code></dt>
<dd><p>This field is only present for modes 2, 3 and 5.  This contains the raw opcode
bytes for the &lsquo;<samp>inst</samp>&rsquo; field.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>For modes 1, 3, 4 and 5 the &lsquo;<samp>asm_insns</samp>&rsquo; list contains tuples named
&lsquo;<samp>src_and_asm_line</samp>&rsquo;, each of which has the following fields:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>line</code></dt>
<dd><p>The line number within &lsquo;<samp>file</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>file</code></dt>
<dd><p>The file name from the compilation unit.  This might be an absolute
file name or a relative file name depending on the compile command
used.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>fullname</code></dt>
<dd><p>Absolute file name of &lsquo;<samp>file</samp>&rsquo;.  It is converted to a canonical form
using the source file search path
(see <a href="Source-Path.html#Source-Path">Specifying Source Directories</a>)
and after resolving all the symbolic links.
</p>
<p>If the source file is not found this field will contain the path as
present in the debug information.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>line_asm_insn</code></dt>
<dd><p>This is a list of tuples containing the disassembly for &lsquo;<samp>line</samp>&rsquo; in
&lsquo;<samp>file</samp>&rsquo;.  The fields of each tuple are the same as for
<code>-data-disassemble</code> in <var>mode</var> 0 and 2, so &lsquo;<samp>address</samp>&rsquo;,
&lsquo;<samp>func-name</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>offset</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>inst</samp>&rsquo;, and optionally
&lsquo;<samp>opcodes</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>Note that whatever included in the &lsquo;<samp>inst</samp>&rsquo; field, is not
manipulated directly by <small>GDB/MI</small>, i.e., it is not possible to
adjust its format.
</p>
<a name="GDB-Command-46"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

<p>The corresponding <small>GDB</small> command is &lsquo;<samp>disassemble</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<a name="Example-52"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

<p>Disassemble from the current value of <code>$pc</code> to <code>$pc + 20</code>:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
-data-disassemble -s $pc -e &quot;$pc + 20&quot; -- 0
^done,
asm_insns=[
{address=&quot;0x000107c0&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;4&quot;,
inst=&quot;mov  2, %o0&quot;},
{address=&quot;0x000107c4&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;8&quot;,
inst=&quot;sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2&quot;},
{address=&quot;0x000107c8&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;12&quot;,
inst=&quot;or  %o2, 0x140, %o1\t! 0x11940 &lt;_lib_version+8&gt;&quot;},
{address=&quot;0x000107cc&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;16&quot;,
inst=&quot;sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2&quot;},
{address=&quot;0x000107d0&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;20&quot;,
inst=&quot;or  %o2, 0x168, %o4\t! 0x11968 &lt;_lib_version+48&gt;&quot;}]
(gdb)
</pre></div>

<p>Disassemble the whole <code>main</code> function.  Line 32 is part of
<code>main</code>.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">-data-disassemble -f basics.c -l 32 -- 0
^done,asm_insns=[
{address=&quot;0x000107bc&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;0&quot;,
inst=&quot;save  %sp, -112, %sp&quot;},
{address=&quot;0x000107c0&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;4&quot;,
inst=&quot;mov   2, %o0&quot;},
{address=&quot;0x000107c4&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;8&quot;,
inst=&quot;sethi %hi(0x11800), %o2&quot;},
[&hellip;]
{address=&quot;0x0001081c&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;96&quot;,inst=&quot;ret &quot;},
{address=&quot;0x00010820&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;100&quot;,inst=&quot;restore &quot;}]
(gdb)
</pre></div>

<p>Disassemble 3 instructions from the start of <code>main</code>:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
-data-disassemble -f basics.c -l 32 -n 3 -- 0
^done,asm_insns=[
{address=&quot;0x000107bc&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;0&quot;,
inst=&quot;save  %sp, -112, %sp&quot;},
{address=&quot;0x000107c0&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;4&quot;,
inst=&quot;mov  2, %o0&quot;},
{address=&quot;0x000107c4&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;8&quot;,
inst=&quot;sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2&quot;}]
(gdb)
</pre></div>

<p>Disassemble 3 instructions from the start of <code>main</code> in mixed mode:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
-data-disassemble -f basics.c -l 32 -n 3 -- 1
^done,asm_insns=[
src_and_asm_line={line=&quot;31&quot;,
file=&quot;../../../src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c&quot;,
fullname=&quot;/absolute/path/to/src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c&quot;,
line_asm_insn=[{address=&quot;0x000107bc&quot;,
func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;0&quot;,inst=&quot;save  %sp, -112, %sp&quot;}]},
src_and_asm_line={line=&quot;32&quot;,
file=&quot;../../../src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c&quot;,
fullname=&quot;/absolute/path/to/src/gdb/testsuite/gdb.mi/basics.c&quot;,
line_asm_insn=[{address=&quot;0x000107c0&quot;,
func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;4&quot;,inst=&quot;mov  2, %o0&quot;},
{address=&quot;0x000107c4&quot;,func-name=&quot;main&quot;,offset=&quot;8&quot;,
inst=&quot;sethi  %hi(0x11800), %o2&quot;}]}]
(gdb)
</pre></div>


<a name="The-_002ddata_002devaluate_002dexpression-Command"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-evaluate-expression</code> Command</h4>
<a name="index-_002ddata_002devaluate_002dexpression"></a>

<a name="Synopsis-65"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> -data-evaluate-expression <var>expr</var>
</pre></div>

<p>Evaluate <var>expr</var> as an expression.  The expression could contain an
inferior function call.  The function call will execute synchronously.
If the expression contains spaces, it must be enclosed in double quotes.
</p>
<a name="GDB-Command-47"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

<p>The corresponding <small>GDB</small> commands are &lsquo;<samp>print</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>output</samp>&rsquo;, and
&lsquo;<samp>call</samp>&rsquo;.  In <code>gdbtk</code> only, there&rsquo;s a corresponding
&lsquo;<samp>gdb_eval</samp>&rsquo; command.
</p>
<a name="Example-53"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

<p>In the following example, the numbers that precede the commands are the
<em>tokens</em> described in <a href="GDB_002fMI-Command-Syntax.html#GDB_002fMI-Command-Syntax"><small>GDB/MI</small>
Command Syntax</a>.  Notice how <small>GDB/MI</small> returns the same tokens in its
output.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">211-data-evaluate-expression A
211^done,value=&quot;1&quot;
(gdb)
311-data-evaluate-expression &amp;A
311^done,value=&quot;0xefffeb7c&quot;
(gdb)
411-data-evaluate-expression A+3
411^done,value=&quot;4&quot;
(gdb)
511-data-evaluate-expression &quot;A + 3&quot;
511^done,value=&quot;4&quot;
(gdb)
</pre></div>


<a name="The-_002ddata_002dlist_002dchanged_002dregisters-Command"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-list-changed-registers</code> Command</h4>
<a name="index-_002ddata_002dlist_002dchanged_002dregisters"></a>

<a name="Synopsis-66"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> -data-list-changed-registers
</pre></div>

<p>Display a list of the registers that have changed.
</p>
<a name="GDB-Command-48"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

<p><small>GDB</small> doesn&rsquo;t have a direct analog for this command; <code>gdbtk</code>
has the corresponding command &lsquo;<samp>gdb_changed_register_list</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<a name="Example-54"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

<p>On a PPC MBX board:
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
-exec-continue
^running

(gdb)
*stopped,reason=&quot;breakpoint-hit&quot;,disp=&quot;keep&quot;,bkptno=&quot;1&quot;,frame={
func=&quot;main&quot;,args=[],file=&quot;try.c&quot;,fullname=&quot;/home/foo/bar/try.c&quot;,
line=&quot;5&quot;,arch=&quot;powerpc&quot;}
(gdb)
-data-list-changed-registers
^done,changed-registers=[&quot;0&quot;,&quot;1&quot;,&quot;2&quot;,&quot;4&quot;,&quot;5&quot;,&quot;6&quot;,&quot;7&quot;,&quot;8&quot;,&quot;9&quot;,
&quot;10&quot;,&quot;11&quot;,&quot;13&quot;,&quot;14&quot;,&quot;15&quot;,&quot;16&quot;,&quot;17&quot;,&quot;18&quot;,&quot;19&quot;,&quot;20&quot;,&quot;21&quot;,&quot;22&quot;,&quot;23&quot;,
&quot;24&quot;,&quot;25&quot;,&quot;26&quot;,&quot;27&quot;,&quot;28&quot;,&quot;30&quot;,&quot;31&quot;,&quot;64&quot;,&quot;65&quot;,&quot;66&quot;,&quot;67&quot;,&quot;69&quot;]
(gdb)
</pre></div>


<a name="The-_002ddata_002dlist_002dregister_002dnames-Command"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-list-register-names</code> Command</h4>
<a name="index-_002ddata_002dlist_002dregister_002dnames"></a>

<a name="Synopsis-67"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> -data-list-register-names [ ( <var>regno</var> )+ ]
</pre></div>

<p>Show a list of register names for the current target.  If no arguments
are given, it shows a list of the names of all the registers.  If
integer numbers are given as arguments, it will print a list of the
names of the registers corresponding to the arguments.  To ensure
consistency between a register name and its number, the output list may
include empty register names.
</p>
<a name="GDB-Command-49"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

<p><small>GDB</small> does not have a command which corresponds to
&lsquo;<samp>-data-list-register-names</samp>&rsquo;.  In <code>gdbtk</code> there is a
corresponding command &lsquo;<samp>gdb_regnames</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<a name="Example-55"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

<p>For the PPC MBX board:
</p><div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
-data-list-register-names
^done,register-names=[&quot;r0&quot;,&quot;r1&quot;,&quot;r2&quot;,&quot;r3&quot;,&quot;r4&quot;,&quot;r5&quot;,&quot;r6&quot;,&quot;r7&quot;,
&quot;r8&quot;,&quot;r9&quot;,&quot;r10&quot;,&quot;r11&quot;,&quot;r12&quot;,&quot;r13&quot;,&quot;r14&quot;,&quot;r15&quot;,&quot;r16&quot;,&quot;r17&quot;,&quot;r18&quot;,
&quot;r19&quot;,&quot;r20&quot;,&quot;r21&quot;,&quot;r22&quot;,&quot;r23&quot;,&quot;r24&quot;,&quot;r25&quot;,&quot;r26&quot;,&quot;r27&quot;,&quot;r28&quot;,&quot;r29&quot;,
&quot;r30&quot;,&quot;r31&quot;,&quot;f0&quot;,&quot;f1&quot;,&quot;f2&quot;,&quot;f3&quot;,&quot;f4&quot;,&quot;f5&quot;,&quot;f6&quot;,&quot;f7&quot;,&quot;f8&quot;,&quot;f9&quot;,
&quot;f10&quot;,&quot;f11&quot;,&quot;f12&quot;,&quot;f13&quot;,&quot;f14&quot;,&quot;f15&quot;,&quot;f16&quot;,&quot;f17&quot;,&quot;f18&quot;,&quot;f19&quot;,&quot;f20&quot;,
&quot;f21&quot;,&quot;f22&quot;,&quot;f23&quot;,&quot;f24&quot;,&quot;f25&quot;,&quot;f26&quot;,&quot;f27&quot;,&quot;f28&quot;,&quot;f29&quot;,&quot;f30&quot;,&quot;f31&quot;,
&quot;&quot;, &quot;pc&quot;,&quot;ps&quot;,&quot;cr&quot;,&quot;lr&quot;,&quot;ctr&quot;,&quot;xer&quot;]
(gdb)
-data-list-register-names 1 2 3
^done,register-names=[&quot;r1&quot;,&quot;r2&quot;,&quot;r3&quot;]
(gdb)
</pre></div>

<a name="The-_002ddata_002dlist_002dregister_002dvalues-Command"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-list-register-values</code> Command</h4>
<a name="index-_002ddata_002dlist_002dregister_002dvalues"></a>

<a name="Synopsis-68"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> -data-list-register-values
    [ <code>--skip-unavailable</code> ] <var>fmt</var> [ ( <var>regno</var> )*]
</pre></div>

<p>Display the registers&rsquo; contents.  The format according to which the
registers&rsquo; contents are to be returned is given by <var>fmt</var>, followed
by an optional list of numbers specifying the registers to display.  A
missing list of numbers indicates that the contents of all the
registers must be returned.  The <code>--skip-unavailable</code> option
indicates that only the available registers are to be returned.
</p>
<p>Allowed formats for <var>fmt</var> are:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>x</code></dt>
<dd><p>Hexadecimal
</p></dd>
<dt><code>o</code></dt>
<dd><p>Octal
</p></dd>
<dt><code>t</code></dt>
<dd><p>Binary
</p></dd>
<dt><code>d</code></dt>
<dd><p>Decimal
</p></dd>
<dt><code>r</code></dt>
<dd><p>Raw
</p></dd>
<dt><code>N</code></dt>
<dd><p>Natural
</p></dd>
</dl>

<a name="GDB-Command-50"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

<p>The corresponding <small>GDB</small> commands are &lsquo;<samp>info reg</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>info
all-reg</samp>&rsquo;, and (in <code>gdbtk</code>) &lsquo;<samp>gdb_fetch_registers</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<a name="Example-56"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

<p>For a PPC MBX board (note: line breaks are for readability only, they
don&rsquo;t appear in the actual output):
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
-data-list-register-values r 64 65
^done,register-values=[{number=&quot;64&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe00a300&quot;},
{number=&quot;65&quot;,value=&quot;0x00029002&quot;}]
(gdb)
-data-list-register-values x
^done,register-values=[{number=&quot;0&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe0043c8&quot;},
{number=&quot;1&quot;,value=&quot;0x3fff88&quot;},{number=&quot;2&quot;,value=&quot;0xfffffffe&quot;},
{number=&quot;3&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;4&quot;,value=&quot;0xa&quot;},
{number=&quot;5&quot;,value=&quot;0x3fff68&quot;},{number=&quot;6&quot;,value=&quot;0x3fff58&quot;},
{number=&quot;7&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe011e98&quot;},{number=&quot;8&quot;,value=&quot;0x2&quot;},
{number=&quot;9&quot;,value=&quot;0xfa202820&quot;},{number=&quot;10&quot;,value=&quot;0xfa202808&quot;},
{number=&quot;11&quot;,value=&quot;0x1&quot;},{number=&quot;12&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;13&quot;,value=&quot;0x4544&quot;},{number=&quot;14&quot;,value=&quot;0xffdfffff&quot;},
{number=&quot;15&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;16&quot;,value=&quot;0xfffffeff&quot;},
{number=&quot;17&quot;,value=&quot;0xefffffed&quot;},{number=&quot;18&quot;,value=&quot;0xfffffffe&quot;},
{number=&quot;19&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;20&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},
{number=&quot;21&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;22&quot;,value=&quot;0xfffffff7&quot;},
{number=&quot;23&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;24&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},
{number=&quot;25&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;26&quot;,value=&quot;0xfffffffb&quot;},
{number=&quot;27&quot;,value=&quot;0xffffffff&quot;},{number=&quot;28&quot;,value=&quot;0xf7bfffff&quot;},
{number=&quot;29&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;30&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe010000&quot;},
{number=&quot;31&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;32&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;33&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;34&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;35&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;36&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;37&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;38&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;39&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;40&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;41&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;42&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;43&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;44&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;45&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;46&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;47&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;48&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;49&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;50&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;51&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;52&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;53&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;54&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;55&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;56&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;57&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;58&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;59&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;60&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;61&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;62&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},
{number=&quot;63&quot;,value=&quot;0x0&quot;},{number=&quot;64&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe00a300&quot;},
{number=&quot;65&quot;,value=&quot;0x29002&quot;},{number=&quot;66&quot;,value=&quot;0x202f04b5&quot;},
{number=&quot;67&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe0043b0&quot;},{number=&quot;68&quot;,value=&quot;0xfe00b3e4&quot;},
{number=&quot;69&quot;,value=&quot;0x20002b03&quot;}]
(gdb)
</pre></div>


<a name="The-_002ddata_002dread_002dmemory-Command"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-read-memory</code> Command</h4>
<a name="index-_002ddata_002dread_002dmemory"></a>

<p>This command is deprecated, use <code>-data-read-memory-bytes</code> instead.
</p>
<a name="Synopsis-69"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> -data-read-memory [ -o <var>byte-offset</var> ]
   <var>address</var> <var>word-format</var> <var>word-size</var>
   <var>nr-rows</var> <var>nr-cols</var> [ <var>aschar</var> ]
</pre></div>

<p>where:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>address</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>An expression specifying the address of the first memory word to be
read.  Complex expressions containing embedded white space should be
quoted using the C convention.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>word-format</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>The format to be used to print the memory words.  The notation is the
same as for <small>GDB</small>&rsquo;s <code>print</code> command (see <a href="Output-Formats.html#Output-Formats">Output Formats</a>).
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>word-size</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>The size of each memory word in bytes.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>nr-rows</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>The number of rows in the output table.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>nr-cols</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>The number of columns in the output table.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>aschar</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>If present, indicates that each row should include an <small>ASCII</small> dump.  The
value of <var>aschar</var> is used as a padding character when a byte is not a
member of the printable <small>ASCII</small> character set (printable <small>ASCII</small>
characters are those whose code is between 32 and 126, inclusively).
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>byte-offset</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>An offset to add to the <var>address</var> before fetching memory.
</p></dd>
</dl>

<p>This command displays memory contents as a table of <var>nr-rows</var> by
<var>nr-cols</var> words, each word being <var>word-size</var> bytes.  In total,
<code><var>nr-rows</var> * <var>nr-cols</var> * <var>word-size</var></code> bytes are read
(returned as &lsquo;<samp>total-bytes</samp>&rsquo;).  Should less than the requested number
of bytes be returned by the target, the missing words are identified
using &lsquo;<samp>N/A</samp>&rsquo;.  The number of bytes read from the target is returned
in &lsquo;<samp>nr-bytes</samp>&rsquo; and the starting address used to read memory in
&lsquo;<samp>addr</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<p>The address of the next/previous row or page is available in
&lsquo;<samp>next-row</samp>&rsquo; and &lsquo;<samp>prev-row</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>next-page</samp>&rsquo; and
&lsquo;<samp>prev-page</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<a name="GDB-Command-51"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

<p>The corresponding <small>GDB</small> command is &lsquo;<samp>x</samp>&rsquo;.  <code>gdbtk</code> has
&lsquo;<samp>gdb_get_mem</samp>&rsquo; memory read command.
</p>
<a name="Example-57"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

<p>Read six bytes of memory starting at <code>bytes+6</code> but then offset by
<code>-6</code> bytes.  Format as three rows of two columns.  One byte per
word.  Display each word in hex.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
9-data-read-memory -o -6 -- bytes+6 x 1 3 2
9^done,addr=&quot;0x00001390&quot;,nr-bytes=&quot;6&quot;,total-bytes=&quot;6&quot;,
next-row=&quot;0x00001396&quot;,prev-row=&quot;0x0000138e&quot;,next-page=&quot;0x00001396&quot;,
prev-page=&quot;0x0000138a&quot;,memory=[
{addr=&quot;0x00001390&quot;,data=[&quot;0x00&quot;,&quot;0x01&quot;]},
{addr=&quot;0x00001392&quot;,data=[&quot;0x02&quot;,&quot;0x03&quot;]},
{addr=&quot;0x00001394&quot;,data=[&quot;0x04&quot;,&quot;0x05&quot;]}]
(gdb)
</pre></div>

<p>Read two bytes of memory starting at address <code>shorts + 64</code> and
display as a single word formatted in decimal.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
5-data-read-memory shorts+64 d 2 1 1
5^done,addr=&quot;0x00001510&quot;,nr-bytes=&quot;2&quot;,total-bytes=&quot;2&quot;,
next-row=&quot;0x00001512&quot;,prev-row=&quot;0x0000150e&quot;,
next-page=&quot;0x00001512&quot;,prev-page=&quot;0x0000150e&quot;,memory=[
{addr=&quot;0x00001510&quot;,data=[&quot;128&quot;]}]
(gdb)
</pre></div>

<p>Read thirty two bytes of memory starting at <code>bytes+16</code> and format
as eight rows of four columns.  Include a string encoding with &lsquo;<samp>x</samp>&rsquo;
used as the non-printable character.
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
4-data-read-memory bytes+16 x 1 8 4 x
4^done,addr=&quot;0x000013a0&quot;,nr-bytes=&quot;32&quot;,total-bytes=&quot;32&quot;,
next-row=&quot;0x000013c0&quot;,prev-row=&quot;0x0000139c&quot;,
next-page=&quot;0x000013c0&quot;,prev-page=&quot;0x00001380&quot;,memory=[
{addr=&quot;0x000013a0&quot;,data=[&quot;0x10&quot;,&quot;0x11&quot;,&quot;0x12&quot;,&quot;0x13&quot;],ascii=&quot;xxxx&quot;},
{addr=&quot;0x000013a4&quot;,data=[&quot;0x14&quot;,&quot;0x15&quot;,&quot;0x16&quot;,&quot;0x17&quot;],ascii=&quot;xxxx&quot;},
{addr=&quot;0x000013a8&quot;,data=[&quot;0x18&quot;,&quot;0x19&quot;,&quot;0x1a&quot;,&quot;0x1b&quot;],ascii=&quot;xxxx&quot;},
{addr=&quot;0x000013ac&quot;,data=[&quot;0x1c&quot;,&quot;0x1d&quot;,&quot;0x1e&quot;,&quot;0x1f&quot;],ascii=&quot;xxxx&quot;},
{addr=&quot;0x000013b0&quot;,data=[&quot;0x20&quot;,&quot;0x21&quot;,&quot;0x22&quot;,&quot;0x23&quot;],ascii=&quot; !\&quot;#&quot;},
{addr=&quot;0x000013b4&quot;,data=[&quot;0x24&quot;,&quot;0x25&quot;,&quot;0x26&quot;,&quot;0x27&quot;],ascii=&quot;$%&amp;'&quot;},
{addr=&quot;0x000013b8&quot;,data=[&quot;0x28&quot;,&quot;0x29&quot;,&quot;0x2a&quot;,&quot;0x2b&quot;],ascii=&quot;()*+&quot;},
{addr=&quot;0x000013bc&quot;,data=[&quot;0x2c&quot;,&quot;0x2d&quot;,&quot;0x2e&quot;,&quot;0x2f&quot;],ascii=&quot;,-./&quot;}]
(gdb)
</pre></div>

<a name="The-_002ddata_002dread_002dmemory_002dbytes-Command"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-read-memory-bytes</code> Command</h4>
<a name="index-_002ddata_002dread_002dmemory_002dbytes"></a>

<a name="Synopsis-70"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> -data-read-memory-bytes [ -o <var>offset</var> ]
   <var>address</var> <var>count</var>
</pre></div>

<p>where:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>address</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>An expression specifying the address of the first addressable memory unit
to be read.  Complex expressions containing embedded white space should be
quoted using the C convention.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>count</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>The number of addressable memory units to read.  This should be an integer
literal.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>offset</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>The offset relative to <var>address</var> at which to start reading.  This
should be an integer literal.  This option is provided so that a frontend
is not required to first evaluate address and then perform address
arithmetics itself.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<p>This command attempts to read all accessible memory regions in the
specified range.  First, all regions marked as unreadable in the memory
map (if one is defined) will be skipped.  See <a href="Memory-Region-Attributes.html#Memory-Region-Attributes">Memory Region Attributes</a>.  Second, <small>GDB</small> will attempt to read the remaining
regions.  For each one, if reading full region results in an errors,
<small>GDB</small> will try to read a subset of the region.
</p>
<p>In general, every single memory unit in the region may be readable or not,
and the only way to read every readable unit is to try a read at
every address, which is not practical.   Therefore, <small>GDB</small> will
attempt to read all accessible memory units at either beginning or the end
of the region, using a binary division scheme.  This heuristic works
well for reading across a memory map boundary.  Note that if a region
has a readable range that is neither at the beginning or the end,
<small>GDB</small> will not read it.
</p>
<p>The result record (see <a href="GDB_002fMI-Result-Records.html#GDB_002fMI-Result-Records">GDB/MI Result Records</a>) that is output of
the command includes a field named &lsquo;<samp>memory</samp>&rsquo; whose content is a
list of tuples.  Each tuple represent a successfully read memory block
and has the following fields:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt><code>begin</code></dt>
<dd><p>The start address of the memory block, as hexadecimal literal.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>end</code></dt>
<dd><p>The end address of the memory block, as hexadecimal literal.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>offset</code></dt>
<dd><p>The offset of the memory block, as hexadecimal literal, relative to
the start address passed to <code>-data-read-memory-bytes</code>.
</p>
</dd>
<dt><code>contents</code></dt>
<dd><p>The contents of the memory block, in hex.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>


<a name="GDB-Command-52"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

<p>The corresponding <small>GDB</small> command is &lsquo;<samp>x</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<a name="Example-58"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
-data-read-memory-bytes &amp;a 10
^done,memory=[{begin=&quot;0xbffff154&quot;,offset=&quot;0x00000000&quot;,
              end=&quot;0xbffff15e&quot;,
              contents=&quot;01000000020000000300&quot;}]
(gdb)
</pre></div>


<a name="The-_002ddata_002dwrite_002dmemory_002dbytes-Command"></a>
<h4 class="subheading">The <code>-data-write-memory-bytes</code> Command</h4>
<a name="index-_002ddata_002dwrite_002dmemory_002dbytes"></a>

<a name="Synopsis-71"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Synopsis</h4>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> -data-write-memory-bytes <var>address</var> <var>contents</var>
 -data-write-memory-bytes <var>address</var> <var>contents</var> <span class="roman">[</span><var>count</var><span class="roman">]</span>
</pre></div>

<p>where:
</p>
<dl compact="compact">
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>address</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>An expression specifying the address of the first addressable memory unit
to be written.  Complex expressions containing embedded white space should
be quoted using the C convention.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>contents</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>The hex-encoded data to write.  It is an error if <var>contents</var> does
not represent an integral number of addressable memory units.
</p>
</dd>
<dt>&lsquo;<samp><var>count</var></samp>&rsquo;</dt>
<dd><p>Optional argument indicating the number of addressable memory units to be
written.  If <var>count</var> is greater than <var>contents</var>&rsquo; length,
<small>GDB</small> will repeatedly write <var>contents</var> until it fills
<var>count</var> memory units.
</p>
</dd>
</dl>

<a name="GDB-Command-53"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading"><small>GDB</small> Command</h4>

<p>There&rsquo;s no corresponding <small>GDB</small> command.
</p>
<a name="Example-59"></a>
<h4 class="subsubheading">Example</h4>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
-data-write-memory-bytes &amp;a &quot;aabbccdd&quot;
^done
(gdb)
</pre></div>

<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample">(gdb)
-data-write-memory-bytes &amp;a &quot;aabbccdd&quot; 16e
^done
(gdb)
</pre></div>

<hr>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands.html#GDB_002fMI-Tracepoint-Commands" accesskey="n" rel="next">GDB/MI Tracepoint Commands</a>, Previous: <a href="GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects.html#GDB_002fMI-Variable-Objects" accesskey="p" rel="previous">GDB/MI Variable Objects</a>, Up: <a href="GDB_002fMI.html#GDB_002fMI" accesskey="u" rel="up">GDB/MI</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="Concept-Index.html#Concept-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>


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