huangmeng
/
asj_pe_project


			
							123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748495051525354555657585960616263646566676869707172737475767778798081828384858687888990919293949596979899100101102103104105106107108109110111112113114115116117118119120121122123124125126127128129130131132133134135136137138139140141142143144145146147148149150151152153154155156157158159
							<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<!-- This file documents the GNU Assembler "as".

Copyright (C) 1991-2020 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Texts, and with no
Back-Cover Texts.  A copy of the license is included in the
section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
 -->
<!-- Created by GNU Texinfo 5.1, http://www.gnu.org/software/texinfo/ -->
<head>
<title>Using as: i386-Arch</title>

<meta name="description" content="Using as: i386-Arch">
<meta name="keywords" content="Using as: i386-Arch">
<meta name="resource-type" content="document">
<meta name="distribution" content="global">
<meta name="Generator" content="makeinfo">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<link href="index.html#Top" rel="start" title="Top">
<link href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" rel="index" title="AS Index">
<link href="index.html#SEC_Contents" rel="contents" title="Table of Contents">
<link href="i386_002dDependent.html#i386_002dDependent" rel="up" title="i386-Dependent">
<link href="i386_002dISA.html#i386_002dISA" rel="next" title="i386-ISA">
<link href="i386_002d16bit.html#i386_002d16bit" rel="previous" title="i386-16bit">
<style type="text/css">
<!--
a.summary-letter {text-decoration: none}
blockquote.smallquotation {font-size: smaller}
div.display {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.example {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.indentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.lisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smalldisplay {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smallexample {margin-left: 3.2em}
div.smallindentedblock {margin-left: 3.2em; font-size: smaller}
div.smalllisp {margin-left: 3.2em}
kbd {font-style:oblique}
pre.display {font-family: inherit}
pre.format {font-family: inherit}
pre.menu-comment {font-family: serif}
pre.menu-preformatted {font-family: serif}
pre.smalldisplay {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smallexample {font-size: smaller}
pre.smallformat {font-family: inherit; font-size: smaller}
pre.smalllisp {font-size: smaller}
span.nocodebreak {white-space:nowrap}
span.nolinebreak {white-space:nowrap}
span.roman {font-family:serif; font-weight:normal}
span.sansserif {font-family:sans-serif; font-weight:normal}
ul.no-bullet {list-style: none}
-->
</style>


</head>

<body lang="en" bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#0000FF" vlink="#800080" alink="#FF0000">
<a name="i386_002dArch"></a>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="i386_002dISA.html#i386_002dISA" accesskey="n" rel="next">i386-ISA</a>, Previous: <a href="i386_002d16bit.html#i386_002d16bit" accesskey="p" rel="previous">i386-16bit</a>, Up: <a href="i386_002dDependent.html#i386_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">i386-Dependent</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>
<hr>
<a name="Specifying-CPU-Architecture"></a>
<h4 class="subsection">9.16.15 Specifying CPU Architecture</h4>

<a name="index-arch-directive_002c-i386"></a>
<a name="index-i386-arch-directive"></a>
<a name="index-arch-directive_002c-x86_002d64"></a>
<a name="index-x86_002d64-arch-directive"></a>

<p><code>as</code> may be told to assemble for a particular CPU
(sub-)architecture with the <code>.arch <var>cpu_type</var></code> directive.  This
directive enables a warning when gas detects an instruction that is not
supported on the CPU specified.  The choices for <var>cpu_type</var> are:
</p>
<table>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>i8086</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>i186</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>i286</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>i386</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>i486</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>i586</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>i686</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>pentium</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>pentiumpro</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>pentiumii</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>pentiumiii</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>pentium4</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>prescott</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>nocona</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>core</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>core2</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>corei7</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>l1om</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>k1om</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>iamcu</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>k6</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>k6_2</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>athlon</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>k8</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>amdfam10</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>bdver1</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>bdver2</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>bdver3</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>bdver4</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>znver1</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>znver2</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>btver1</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>btver2</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>generic32</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>generic64</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.cmov</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.fxsr</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.mmx</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sse</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sse2</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sse3</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sse4a</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.ssse3</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sse4.1</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sse4.2</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sse4</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.vmx</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.smx</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.ept</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.clflush</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.movbe</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.xsave</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.xsaveopt</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.aes</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.pclmul</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.fma</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.fsgsbase</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.rdrnd</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.f16c</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx2</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.bmi2</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.lzcnt</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.popcnt</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.invpcid</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.vmfunc</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.hle</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.rtm</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.adx</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.rdseed</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.prfchw</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.smap</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.mpx</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sha</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.prefetchwt1</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.clflushopt</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.xsavec</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.xsaves</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.se1</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512f</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512cd</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512er</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512pf</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512vl</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512bw</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512dq</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512ifma</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512vbmi</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512_4fmaps</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512_4vnniw</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512_vpopcntdq</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512_vbmi2</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512_vnni</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512_bitalg</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512_bf16</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.avx512_vp2intersect</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.clwb</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.rdpid</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.ptwrite</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%"></td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.ibt</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.wbnoinvd</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.pconfig</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.waitpkg</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.cldemote</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.shstk</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.gfni</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.vaes</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.vpclmulqdq</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.movdiri</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.movdir64b</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.enqcmd</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.tsxldtrk</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.3dnow</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.3dnowa</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sse4a</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sse5</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.syscall</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.rdtscp</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.svme</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.lwp</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.fma4</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.xop</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.cx16</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.padlock</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.clzero</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.mwaitx</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.rdpru</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
<tr><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.mcommit</samp>&rsquo;</td><td width="20%">&lsquo;<samp>.sev_es</samp>&rsquo;</td></tr>
</table>

<p>Apart from the warning, there are only two other effects on
<code>as</code> operation;  Firstly, if you specify a CPU other than
&lsquo;<samp>i486</samp>&rsquo;, then shift by one instructions such as &lsquo;<samp>sarl $1, %eax</samp>&rsquo;
will automatically use a two byte opcode sequence.  The larger three
byte opcode sequence is used on the 486 (and when no architecture is
specified) because it executes faster on the 486.  Note that you can
explicitly request the two byte opcode by writing &lsquo;<samp>sarl %eax</samp>&rsquo;.
Secondly, if you specify &lsquo;<samp>i8086</samp>&rsquo;, &lsquo;<samp>i186</samp>&rsquo;, or &lsquo;<samp>i286</samp>&rsquo;,
<em>and</em> &lsquo;<samp>.code16</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>.code16gcc</samp>&rsquo; then byte offset
conditional jumps will be promoted when necessary to a two instruction
sequence consisting of a conditional jump of the opposite sense around
an unconditional jump to the target.
</p>
<p>Following the CPU architecture (but not a sub-architecture, which are those
starting with a dot), you may specify &lsquo;<samp>jumps</samp>&rsquo; or &lsquo;<samp>nojumps</samp>&rsquo; to
control automatic promotion of conditional jumps. &lsquo;<samp>jumps</samp>&rsquo; is the
default, and enables jump promotion;  All external jumps will be of the long
variety, and file-local jumps will be promoted as necessary.
(see <a href="i386_002dJumps.html#i386_002dJumps">i386-Jumps</a>)  &lsquo;<samp>nojumps</samp>&rsquo; leaves external conditional jumps as
byte offset jumps, and warns about file-local conditional jumps that
<code>as</code> promotes.
Unconditional jumps are treated as for &lsquo;<samp>jumps</samp>&rsquo;.
</p>
<p>For example
</p>
<div class="smallexample">
<pre class="smallexample"> .arch i8086,nojumps
</pre></div>

<hr>
<div class="header">
<p>
Next: <a href="i386_002dISA.html#i386_002dISA" accesskey="n" rel="next">i386-ISA</a>, Previous: <a href="i386_002d16bit.html#i386_002d16bit" accesskey="p" rel="previous">i386-16bit</a>, Up: <a href="i386_002dDependent.html#i386_002dDependent" accesskey="u" rel="up">i386-Dependent</a> &nbsp; [<a href="index.html#SEC_Contents" title="Table of contents" rel="contents">Contents</a>][<a href="AS-Index.html#AS-Index" title="Index" rel="index">Index</a>]</p>
</div>


</body>
</html>